The Housing Regeneration Program of MINVU has established the urgent need to reduce the qualitative deficit of social housing and improve living conditions of mid-rise buildings. En la Etapa de Movilidad y Construcción, la tecnología aplicada a los sistemas constructivos posee un impacto relevante en los plazos de ejecución. En la Etapa de Diagnóstico, se recomienda la reorganización de los estudios requeridos. Por medio de un análisis comparativo de tres casos de estudio en desarrollo se identifican operaciones que permitirían reducir el plazo total de la ejecución. El presente estudio identifica dimensiones en la gestión, diseño e implementación en los procesos que permitirían reducir sus plazos de aplicación. A partir del aprendizaje de las primeras experiencias se elaboró un modelo de gestión donde se puede constatar la relevancia de los largos plazos de ejecución de estos proyectos. The organisation of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines is different from both the IPCC 1996 Guidelines and the GPG2000.Įl Programa de Regeneración de Conjuntos Habitacionales del MINVU ha establecido la necesidad urgente por reducir el déficit cualitativo de la vivienda social y mejorar los edificios de condominios en altura. This chapter covers elements formerly presented in the ‘Energy’ chapter of the GPG2000. The IPCC Emission Factor Database1 may be consulted for information appropriate to national circumstances, though the correct use of information from the database is the responsibility of greenhouse gas inventory compilers. The chapter provides default Tier 1 emission factors for all source categories and fuels. Tier 3: fuel statistics and data on combustion technologies applied together with technology-specific emission factors this includes the use of models and facility level emission data where available.Tier 2: fuel combustion from national energy statistics, together with country-specific emission factors, where possible, derived from national fuel characteristics.Tier 1: fuel combustion from national energy statistics and default emission factors.Methods are provided for the sectoral approach in three tiers based on: This chapter describes the methods and data necessary to estimate emissions from Stationary Combustion, and the categories in which these emissions should be reported. Air-source heat-pump is found to be an attractive solution if used only in heating mode, while the solar thermal energy system can achieve a saving of 86% in domestic hot water energy consumption. Results show that the heating demand can be reduced by over 80% when considering highly efficient building measures, compared to that obtained with the current Building Thermal Regulation. Primary energy consumption and CO2 equivalent emissions are estimated for different energy system scenarios, including solar thermal and photovoltaic options. DesignBuilder® is used to determine the heating demand and the risk of overheating, considering different envelope thermal insulation levels, air permeability levels and ventilation strategies. InSight® and Revit® are used to determine the building typology and shape that maximise passive solar gains. This paper provides indications on the influence of these considerations on the energy performance of a residential building located in Ciudad Parque Bicentenario (Cerrillos, Santiago), a new urbanisation project developed by the State considering sustainability criterion. Passive solar design, envelope material composition, ventilation strategies and energy systems are key aspects in mitigating that contribution. Buildings and the construction industry in general are contributors to the current climate crisis in the form of energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
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Some teachers have tried to combine work systems with the students’ own personal desk area. This kills two birds with one stone when setting up the room. In some schools I’ve worked in, the special educator had an extra classroom and was able to set up that entire class as a work system lab. This has worked out particularly well for students working on vocational skills. Essentially there was a vocational lab that included work systems as part of the rotations or that had only mastered vocational skills for students to practice on their own. For two students we would eventually put another station on the other side. We only had a round table to work with so we used masking tape to divide it off. This classroom had students with significant needs and we had the staff to provide centers 1-1.
(Scooping directly from the bag compacts the flour, resulting in dry baked goods. When measuring flour, we spoon it into a dry measuring cup and level off excess. Serve the waffles immediately with butter, syrup, jam, berries or yogurt. (If the waffle iron has a well-seasoned or nonstick surface, it may not be necessary to spray it between each batch.) Step 2 In a small bowl, whisk milk and eggs pour over flour mixture, and whisk gently to combine (don't overmix). In a large bowl, whisk flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt set aside. (Take into consideration that the batter will spread once the lid is closed.) Close the iron and cook until the waffles are a deep golden brown and slightly crisp, about 5 minutes. Preheat waffle iron according to manufacturer's instructions. Pour the milk into a large measuring jug, add the egg yolks, oil and vanilla and beat together. Pour in enough batter to lightly cover the surface of the iron, about 1/3 to 3/4 cup, depending on its size. Heat the waffle iron according to instructions (some need to be lightly oiled before you start). Spray both sides of the preheated waffle iron with nonstick cooking spray. Whisk in the butter until incorporated, being careful not to overmix the batter. Whisk the buttermilk mixture into the flour mixture until a batter is formed. In a medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, eggs and vanilla. We have Belgian waffles at least once or twice a week - interspersed between pancakes on the “off days”.In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Top with syrup, fruit, whipped cream, or any other toppings.Īs you might have noticed in the pictures above, I have the waffle batter recipe stuck right to the container of dry mix - this way, Dave can easily mix up his own waffles! measuring cup or ladle to scoop about 1/2c. In a small bowl, mix dry ingredients, eggs, milk, and oil together with a fork (batter will be quite thick). INGREDIENTS for WAFFLE BATTER (makes 4 waffles): Ingredients 1 3/4 cups flour 2 tablespoons sugar 1 tablespoon baking powder 2 lg eggs 1 3/4 cups milk 1/2 cup butter, melted and cooled 2 tsp vanilla. It should last for many weeks, even months. Mix the dry ingredients together in a large food storage container with a tight-fitting lid and store at room temperature. We use the rest of the batter the following day or I’ll sometimes make it for the kids’ afternoon snack (with added mini chocolate chips!) This way, Dave can pull one container out for his breakfast and I can pull another container (or 2) out for myself and the kids. To simplify mornings even more, I’ll often mix up the waffle batter the night before and separate it out into 4 small food storage containers - enough for 1 waffle each. I can literally have this waffle batter mixed and ready to go BEFORE the waffle iron is hot - so it’s definitley a do-able week-day breakfast (even during the school year!) Then, a couple weeks ago, I mentioned my Belgian waffle recipe in a post and was flooded with emails and comments asking to share it here on the blog. So I finally took some pictures and typed up the recipe in hopes that you will love it just as much as our family does!Īs you’ll see below, I make a big huge batch of the dry waffle mix in advance, and then all I have to do when we want waffles is mix some of the dry mix with milk, eggs, and oil to make the waffle batter. Over the past 5-6 years, I have thought about sharing my extremely simple Belgian waffle recipe countless times… but for whatever reason, I always decided to share a different recipe. SheepShaver runs with varying degree of functionality on the following systems: If you're planning to run SheepShaver on a PowerMac, you probably already have these two items. However, you still need a copy of MacOS and a PowerMac ROM image to use SheepShaver. SheepShaver is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). There is also a built-in PowerPC emulator for non-PowerPC systems. If you are using a PowerPC-based system, applications will run at native speed (i.e. SheepShaver is a Mac OS run-time environment that allows you to run classic PowerPC Mac OS applications on a different operating system, such as Mac OS X, Windows, Linux or BeOS. Uses UAE 68k emulation or (under AmigaOS and NetBSD/m68k) real 68k processor.Emulates extended ADB keyboard and 3-button mouse.Easy file exchange with the host OS via a "Host Directory Tree" icon on the Mac desktop.CD-ROM driver with basic audio functions.Rename the ROM to Mac OS ROM (Letters, capitals, and spaces are CASE SENSITIVE Rename to the ROM name above, and make sure you get rid of the extension. Driver for HFS partitions and hardfiles Extract all the files and put them in the sheepshaver folder, also download the GTK runtime as well.Floppy disk driver (only 1.44MB disks supported).Emulates either a Mac Classic (which runs MacOS 0.x thru 7.5) or a Mac II series machine (which runs MacOS 7.x, 8.0 and 8.1), depending on the ROM being used.Mac OS X (PowerPC, Intel and Apple silicon).Available portsīasilisk II has been ported to the following systems: If you are interested in learning how Basilisk II works internally, there is a Technical Manual available (knowledge about programming and computer architecture is required). Basilisk II is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).įor more information, see the README file. For announcements of prebuilt binaries for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows, head over to the E-Maculation Forums. However, you still need a copy of MacOS and a Macintosh ROM image to use Basilisk II. Download SheepShaver Precompiled binaries. smi on the Sheepshaver and copy to the unix disk, open it on the os x, put inside the installers, and copy the image back to the Sheepshaver disk. That is, it allows you to run 68k MacOS software on your computer, even if you are using a different operating system. If you set up SheepShaver for the first time, you will also need a compatible ROM file and a retail MacOS install CD (or an install CD disk image). What is Basilisk II?īasilisk II is an Open Source 68k Macintosh emulator. Note: For a more up-to-date fork, check out. Releases are made available by the community. This repository contains the Basilisk II and SheepShaver projects. Vector Illustration Stock Illustration by maximmmmum 0 / 17 Let it snow Drawing by paprikaa 0 / 3 Let it snow sign or stamp Stock Illustrations by roxanabalint 0 / 1 Let it snow guitar Stock Illustration by Lana_Samcorp 0 / 0 Let It Snow Stock Illustration by alexaldo 0 / 12 Let it snow guitar Stock Illustration by Lana_Samcorp 0 / 0 Let it Snow Dotwork Snowflake Clip Art by SeredaGanna 0 / 0 Let it snow vector text Stock Illustration by sunflowerr 0 / 2 Let it snow! Drawing by tovovan 0 / 54 Let it snow Stock Illustration by paprikaa 0 / 1 Let It Snow. Clipart by Siberica 0 / 7 Let It Snow Stock Illustrations by Trudy 0 / 9 Let it snow abstract Drawings by artlana 0 / 5 Let It Snow. Stock Illustrations by iradvilyuk 0 / 1 Hand Drawn Lettering - Let it Snow Clipart by LizavetaS 0 / 0 Let it snow! Stock Illustration by tovovan 0 / 31 Let it snow. Vector Illustration Drawings by maximmmmum 0 / 14 Let it snow Clipart by AHOOLY 0 / 0 Let it snow greeting card Drawings by shlemina 0 / 3 Let it snow calligraphic inscription Clipart by shlemina 0 / 5 let it snow hand lettering positive quote to christmas holiday Stock Illustration by karakotsya 1 / 0 Let it snow Drawing by MariaZebroff 0 / 4 Let it snow pattern. Stock Illustration by pokki 1 / 1 Let it Snow Lettering Clipart by SeredaGanna 0 / 6 let it snow on snow man Stock Illustration by sombatkapan 1 / 42 Let it snow, winter lettering Stock Illustration by michlomop 0 / 36 Let It Snow Snowglobe Drawings by keeweegirl 0 / 0 Let it snow Drawings by kirstypargeter 1 / 233 let it snow background 2810 Stock Illustration by kirstypargeter 0 / 11 Let It Snow. Vector Illustration Drawing by maximmmmum 1 / 29 Let It Snow Drawings by AnnieAnnie 2 / 244 Let it snow sign or stamp Stock Illustrations by roxanabalint 1 / 3 Let it snow calligraphic inscription Clipart by shlemina 1 / 5 Let it snow Stock Illustration by MariaZebroff 0 / 13 Let it snow Stock Illustration by CLBnKBB 6 / 266 Let it Snow Clipart by alinoubigh 0 / 0 Let it snow! Stock Illustration by tovovan 0 / 39 Let it snow Stock Illustration by MariaZebroff 0 / 12 Abstract golden snowflake background with Let it snow text in center. The cherry blossoms in 'Gu Bo Du Feng Le Cherry Blossom' Garden usually bloom from early March to mid-April.Let it snow Stock Illustration by miceking 4 / 97 Let it snow! Snowman holding a sign Drawing by Morphart 5 / 480 Let it Snow Vintage Vector Graphics Stock Illustration by daveh900 2 / 139 Let It Snow. "I think it's beautiful, it's a great place, everyone can come and visit when they have time," Ms Huang commented. Many tourists were seen wearing traditional costumes and posing for pictures beside the blooming trees. "Our annual number of visitors will reach 600,000 to 700,000 because, after three years of COVID-19 impact, the tourism industry still needs an improvement process this year," said park director Huang Xiaojie. The park has nearly a thousand acres and more than 10,000 famous and rare trees, attracting thousands of visitors yearly. "This year's weather in Zhengzhou is more special, recently we have experienced four seasons, the day before yesterday it was still 28 degrees Celsius, and yesterday it directly dropped to 3 degrees Celsius with heavy snowfall", he added. The park is full of sakura trees and colourful plants, with a stairway leading up towards a remarkable tower. "It is difficult to find snow during the cherry blossom season, so today I come with my good friends to enjoy the cherry blossoms in the snow at this special time," said Mr Feng, one of the tourists. Hundreds of tourists enjoyed the sight of thousands upon thousands of cherry blossom trees blooming in the Gu Bo Du Feng Le Cherry Blossom Garden in Xing Yang City on Friday after a light snowfall. Bronze Age rave! Ancient Europeans used hallucinogenic DRUGS during cave ceremonies 3,000 years ago.ChatGPT falsely accuses a law professor of a SEX ATTACK against students during a trip to Alaska that never.The Provencal Rosé Paradox: Scientists reveal why wine you enjoy on holiday in France doesn't taste the same.How Succession's squabbling siblings could easily get along: Harvard psychologist reveals the four key.'Runaway' black hole is spotted tearing through the universe - as NASA warns there's an 'invisible monster.'Uranus has never looked better': NASA's James Webb captures its first image of the icy giant that shows the.Ice clouds in the moon's atmosphere were also recently spotted gathering over the southern pole, indicating that the direction of Titan's global circulation undergoes seasonal changes. Information sent back by the Cassini is helping astronomers and planetary scientists to understand the weather patterns on Titan. The images show parallel, dark, dune-filled regions, which form the shape of a letter 'H' on its surface. On its a recent close flyby of Titan, Cassini passed just 6,200 miles above its surface. However, as they are composed largely of methane, these alien seas are very different to our own. The Cassini probe is also revealing a lot about Saturn's second largest moon, Titan.Īt 50 per cent larger than Earth's moon, this monster object is believed to be the only other place in the solar system to have large bodies of liquid, including seas and rivers, on its surface. The potential for such activity in this small ocean world has also made Enceladus a prime target for future exploration in search of habitable environments in the solar system beyond Earth. It is hoped that images from the recent flyby will have brought the probe close enough to detect large organic molecules in the spray, which may be an indicator that life exists on the moon. In October, the probe sent back images of Enceladus, which is thought to have a global ocean of liquid water beneath a thick crust of ice and is one of the best candidates in the solar system for harbouring life. Last year, scientists found gigantic polar clouds of hydrogen cyanide roughly four times the area of the UK on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.Īstronomers say the find was 'totally unexpected'.Īfter a long journey, which included flybys of Venus, Mercury and Jupiter, it entered Saturn's system of moons in 2004 and has been sending back images ever since. While our own moon may be thought of as difficult for man to visit, researchers say Saturn's has a whole lot more to kill off any unsuspecting visitors. Titan has seasons just like Earth, only each season lasts over seven years instead of three months due to its ponderous orbit around the sun.Īfter equinox in 2009, Titan's south pole entered the perpetual darkness of polar winter. Water makes up about half the solid body by mass, and where you would expect to find a rocky crust on a terrestrial planet like Earth, Titan's surface layers are composed mainly of ice. It has surface temperatures nearly 300 degrees Fahrenheit below zero (-180° Celsius). Titan is unique in our solar system because of its dense nitrogen-methane atmosphere, which is very similar to Earth's in some ways, but very different in others. Its creator, Simon Widlake, intended the site to be a record scoreboard for a variety of Doom-related achievements, but unlike its predecessors, they all centered around one key idea: speed. In November 1994, Doom's speedrunning scene took off, in the form of the COMPET-N website. Each category had easy, medium, and hard difficulty maps for players to get randomly chosen for. Pacifist-mode consisted of playing without intentionally harming any monsters. For example, playing with only the fists and pistol while killing all monsters on a map became known as Tyson mode, named after the heavyweight boxer Mike Tyson. At the height of its popularity, the DHT had many different categories and playing styles. Doom II was released in October 1994, and the DHT conformed to the new additions as well as the new Doom version releases. These 'exams' became very popular as the player had to earn each title by sending in a demo of the feat to one of the site's judges to justify their application. The DHT were designed around a notion of earning titles by successfully recording a particular type of demo on pre-determined maps in the IWADs. This site would create the basis for all DOOM demo-sites that would follow. This site was, however, quickly obsoleted by the DOOM Honorific Titles, launched in May 1994 by Frank Stajano, which introduced the first serious competition between players. This particular feature was first picked up by Christina "Strunoph" Norman in January 1994 when she launched the LMP Hall of Fame website. Among some of its major features, like its then-exceptional graphics, LAN and Internet-based multiplayer support, and user modification possibilities, it also gave the players the ability to record demo files of their playthrough. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ĭecember 1993 saw the release of id Software's Doom. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. Clipart by rosovskyi 0 / 0 Halloween Splash Alphabet Stock Illustration by ikopylov 5 / 178 Graffiti font in graffiti style. Stock Illustration by rosovskyi 0 / 0 Hand drawn letters font written with a pen Stock Illustrations by siamimages 2 / 156 Marker Graffiti Font handwritten Typography vector illustration Clip Art by rosovskyi 0 / 0 Marker Graffiti Font, handwritten Typography vector illustration. Vector alphabet Drawing by doctorletters 6 / 1,962 Street Graffiti Font, handwritten Typography vector illustration. Vector Stock Illustration by doctorletters 0 / 18 Marker Graffiti Font handwritten Typography vector illustration Drawing by rosovskyi 0 / 0 Comics graffiti style font type. Seamless design Drawings by sergwsq 2 / 674 Graffiti style lettering text design Clip Art by Dovbush94 1 / 8 Graffiti style lettering text design Drawing by Dovbush94 1 / 6 Cartoon comic graffiti font alphabet. Seamless design Stock Illustrations by sergwsq 5 / 673 Graffiti Urban Art Background. 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Seamless hip hop texture Stock Illustration by sergwsq 7 / 1,144 graffiti vector elements Stock Illustration by pathique 13 / 1,218 Graffiti wall. Vector alphabet Clipart by doctorletters 1 / 8 Numbers and symbols - Graffiti font - Hand written Stock Illustrations by Photojope 2 / 488 Graffiti urban background seamless Drawings by sergwsq 3 / 219 Graffiti wall urban art seamless background Stock Illustration by sergwsq 7 / 1,304 Graffiti urban art vector set Drawings by sergwsq 1 / 686 Graffiti wall. Hip hop type grafitti design Stock Illustration by sergwsq 2 / 7,468 Graffiti wall urban street art painting Stock Illustration by sergwsq 37 / 2,340 Graffiti with Youth Power Clipart by vectomart 5 / 1,215 Graffiti word characters composition Clipart by macrovector 4 / 405 graffiti urban art elements Stock Illustration by pathique 7 / 499 Bright cartoon comic graffiti font. Seamless design Stock Illustrations by sergwsq 5 / 617 graffiti Stock Illustration by pathique 5 / 273 Graffiti font alphabet letters. Vector alphabet Drawing by doctorletters 1 / 14 graffiti urban art elements Clip Art by pathique 5 / 705 Graffiti urban art Stock Illustration by sergwsq 1 / 74 Graffiti Urban Art Background. Seamless design Clip Art by sergwsq 6 / 226 Straight lines comic graffiti font. Seamless design Stock Illustrations by sergwsq 8 / 533 Graffiti Urban Art Background. Seamless hip hop texture Clipart by sergwsq 21 / 1,347 Graffiti Urban Art Background. Editable vector alphabet Stock Illustration by doctorletters 1 / 20 Graffiti font alphabet, abc letters Stock Illustrations by sergwsq 3 / 8,888 Graffiti urban art vector set Clipart by sergwsq 4 / 1,292 Graffiti font alphabet, abc letters Stock Illustration by sergwsq 14 / 6,740 graffiti vector elements Drawings by pathique 7 / 1,435 Graffiti wall. Vector Clipart by doctorletters 1 / 26 Graffiti urban art vector set Drawing by sergwsq 5 / 1,555 Graffiti font hip hop alphabet Stock Illustration by sergwsq 3 / 1,276 graffiti urban art elements Drawing by pathique 13 / 1,172 Bright cartoon comic graffiti font. Hip hop type grafitti design Stock Illustration by sergwsq 2 / 2,855 Hand written graffiti font alphabet. Vector Stock Illustrations by doctorletters 3 / 78 graffiti font alphabet Stock Illustration by sergwsq 28 / 9,378 Graffiti Fonts Stock Illustrations by Binkski 7 / 2,300 Graffiti font alphabet, abc letters Stock Illustrations by sergwsq 15 / 17,859 Graffiti urban art vector set Stock Illustration by sergwsq 17 / 3,560 Hand written graffiti font alphabet Clipart by doctorletters 1 / 20 Graffiti urban background seamless Clipart by sergwsq 39 / 2,296 Graffiti Clipart by pathique 10 / 787 Graffiti on wall Stock Illustrations by Lonely11 22 / 964 Graffiti font alphabet letters. Cartoon comic graffiti alphabet Drawings by doctorletters 4 / 6,401 Hand written graffiti font alphabet. This week's Apple news includes: Apple rehearses its mixed reality headset presentation to top executives as we eagerly await iOS 17 and its Wishlist features. Here you can find episode #002 of the Sir Apfelot Newsreel Podcasts, which deals with the news of calendar week 13/2023. Sir Apfelot or a good forum) who is familiar with it - so don't rush into disaster and invest a little time. Ultimately, each user has to make an adult decision himself: Does my convenience justify any later trouble or I ask someone (e.g. If it doesn't, all I can say is hands off. If the program clearly documents that it uses built-in Mac routines, that's OK. But that undermines Apple's entire security architecture and takes it to the point of absurdity. Because every optimization tool needs special rights, as it works under the hood of macOS. The thing is already virus-like, loads around 50 programs and thus authorizations.Īnd since I don't know which software authors I don't know have copied something from this virus, I'm GAAANNZ cautious. I like to use it, for example, with font problems that can really slow down a system.Ĭalling MacKeeper malware is actually a euphemism. In the latter, you can clean up all sorts of caches, everything that's under the hood and, above all, remove corpses of files from the system to the network. resident? Don’t worry.Servus - there are two TinkerTools - one for free and the one with a system in its name. or iPhone support, repair, training… or just want some questions answered?Ĭall me at 31. Live in Los Angeles County and need Mac, iPad. You can right-click (or control click) on the Trash folder to empty it. The two-stage deletion process, of moving files to a trash folder and then emptying that trash folder, is also found in many Applications.Īpple Mail, iPhoto, and iMovie all employ this method.ĭo you have hundreds of emails sitting in the Trash in Apple Mail? If you’re concerned with deleting data securely read this post – How To… Securely Erase Files Choosing this option places the file back in its original location. Right-Click (or Control Click) on some items in the Trash and a pop-up menu offers the option to Put Back. If you don’t to want to see this warning, go to the Finder, click the Finder Menu, choose Preferences and on the tab labelled Advanced, uncheck Show warning before emptying the Trash.ĭouble click on the Trash and it will open to show it’s contents.ĭrag and Drop any item out of the trash and it will not be deleted. In each case you get a warning – Are you sure you want to permanently erase items in the trash. Use the keystroke shortcut Command Shift Delete.In the Menu Bar choose Finder > Empty Trash Click and hold on the Trash, then choose Empty Trash from the pop-up menu.Right-Click (or Control Click) on the Trash, then choose Empty Trash from the pop-up menu.Move files into the Trash using the keystroke shortcut Command Delete.Right-Click (or Control Click) the selected files, then choose Move to Trash from the pop-up menu.Drag and Drop these files into the Trash.Select a file or group of files – If you need help read How To Select On A Mac. It’s important to understand that you don’t get any space back on your Mac until the trash is emptied I’ve come across several Macs where the trash can has not been emptied since the machine was bought. For example, when correlating the current height and weight of people drawn from a random sample, there is no reason to expect a violation of independence. This assumption does not pose a problem if each participant or independent observation is a single data point of paired measures (i.e., two data points corresponding to the same individual such as height and weight). However, widely used techniques for correlation, such as simple (ordinary least squares with a single independent variable) regression/Pearson correlation, assume independence of error between observations ( Howell, 1997 Johnston and DiNardo, 1997 Cohen et al., 2003). All results are fully reproducible.Ĭorrelation is a popular measure to quantify the association between two variables. Rmcorr is well-suited for research questions regarding the common linear association in paired repeated measures data. The examples are used to illustrate research questions at different levels of analysis, intra-individual, and inter-individual. We introduce the R package (rmcorr) and demonstrate its use for inferential statistics and visualization with two example datasets. To make rmcorr accessible, we provide background information for its assumptions and equations, visualization, power, and tradeoffs with rmcorr compared to multilevel modeling. Rmcorr estimates the common regression slope, the association shared among individuals. Also, rmcorr tends to have much greater statistical power because neither averaging nor aggregation is necessary for an intra-individual research question. Unlike simple regression/correlation, rmcorr does not violate the assumption of independence of observations. Simple regression/correlation is often applied to non-independent observations or aggregated data this may produce biased, specious results due to violation of independence and/or differing patterns between-participants versus within-participants. Repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) is a statistical technique for determining the common within-individual association for paired measures assessed on two or more occasions for multiple individuals. 2US Army Laboratory South Field Element, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.1US Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, USA. |
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